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Most of the parents are concerned about the way over crowded classrooms in public schools can influence the children’s ability to learn things. Although there has not been much research done on this area it is clear from the grades of the students that overcrowded classrooms can affect the ability of the students to learn and retain the information inside their brain. In fact the real reason why over crowded classrooms have minus points is due to the extent upto which teachers can concentrate on each student. The following are the general reasons for the unsuccesful performance of some students on overcrowded classrooms.

The number of teachers per student ration will be much less in overcrowded classrooms and this can lead too poor attention given to certain students in need of attention.

If proper care is not given for certain students there is a chance for them to get lower grades which is due to the lack of attention from the teachers.

Certain teachers will find it difficult to manage the class if there are more number of students and this can make them feel exhausted at the end of the class and creating a feeling that they lack time to concentrate on students.

When there are more number of students a teacher can manage the actual time spent for teaching will be less and more time will be spent for managing the students and organizing the class.

When there is uncontrollable crowd inside the classroom the level of noise can hinder certain students from listening properly to the class and this can reduce the attention span.

Even though there is much technological innovations happening in the field of education over crowded classroom management is much more tedious with technological aspects.

The teacher will also find it difficult to have a deeper connection with the student and understand his / her abilities to learn if there are more students in the classroom.

However most governing organizations are imposing rules and regulations to have the maximum number of students permitted inside a classroom to be less than the stipulated level. Teachers who are passionate about their job will work harder to overcome such barriers and connect with the students through their ability.

It is a well known fact that reading newspapers are essential for grown ups. But it is also equally important for students to read newspapers in order to get the most valuable information which can not be obtained from Social Media alone. The following are some of the advantages of reading newspapers as far as students are concerned.

One of the primary advantage for reading newspapers is because it gives all the vital news and events happening around the world. Modern newspapers are available on Mobile devices which also have options to share the news and interact through comments. Various categories of news are available from national level news to international level news along with news related to political and sports.

Reading newspapers help students to have vast knowledge about current affairs and events which is essential to expand their knowledge level. It also helps students to have confidence in knowing that they have basic knowledge about the recent happenings around the world. Along with General knowledge vocabulary and command over language is also improved by reading newspapers. Reading newspapers also improves pronunciation level to expert level.

As newspaper reading is a time consuming process it is also good to read the news through E papers which will be having precise and short news descriptions. These E Papers are also available with mobile phones and tablets. Students preparing for competitive exams also find newspapers useful for increasing information. As the cost of books that are required for preparing such competitive exams are very costly newspaper reading is much more cost effective.

Any Syllabus is an agreement made at the academic level which helps in creating an academic relationship between the teachers and students doing a course. A syllabus is used as a starting point for communicating between teachers and students. What all things are to be expected during a course is being communicated through the syllabus which also helps in organizing the information and creates a theme for the learning atmosphere.

The syllabus of curriculum creates accountability for the course and is kept as an authoritative statement by the educational institution. A syllabus helps in creating a learning map for the instructors to aid teaching. How a course is made is dependent on the objectives of learning and the guidelines for assessing and evaluating the students is described through policies meant for grading. Syllabus is also a reference about what is expected from a student and a teacher.

After preparing the syllabus it is essential to give a copy to the student and teacher for reference purpose. The educational goals required to be fulfilled by students should be widely described in the copy given to students. The type and category for the course and the evaluation procedure should be described in the copy given to teachers.

The delivery mode of syllabus can vary depending upon the mode of the course. For online courses some educational institutions prefer the syllabus to be delivered electronically while regular colleges and schools rely on hard copies. Any changes in syllabus during the course should be informed to the students and teachers before starting the course and at the beginning of the academic year. The concerned departments holds the responsibility for keeping the syllabus relevant to the one provided by the university.

Flipped learning methods is a blended learning method focused on the delivery of content usually online outside the classroom. In this type of learning activities are often conducted in the classroom and reading of content is done at home. in flipped classroom model students often watch lecture by instructor online, or do research at home and will discus with faculties in the classroom. In traditional classroom teachers will be focused on giving content to group while in flipped classrooms teacher will get time to concentrate on individual students.

In the flipped classroom the instructional method is shifted to a more learner centric model which is helpful in exploring subjects in detail. Online videos are used mostly to convey ideas which are watched outside the classroom. Along with this online discussions among students and research through digital libraries and content reading are done at home by students and doubts will be asked to teacher during the class room sessions.

The following are the main advantages of flipped classroom management

1. Obtaining first exposure to the subject through various mediums including text, video or podcast. The content can either be created by the faculties itself or viewed through videos available online. There are several websites offering free content in different forms however having a professionally prepared learning video helps a lot in learning subject.
2. Students complete the learning process in class where they do tasks in the form of worksheets or assignments. Students come to the class with points noted down from the text read or video watched at home. Students are often graded based upon the ability to do tasks and this can be a boosting to them.
3.  The preparation of class outside the classroom can be assessed by the tutor about the ability of the student to grasp subjects. This can help teachers prepare for the elements which are difficult for certain students. Teachers will also be able to clarify doubts of the students in detail and according to the level of understanding.
4. As basic information can be learned from outside the class it is much easier for both students and teachers to learn the subject deeply.

The purpose of survey is to collect information from a group of students on a topic that is understandable to them. There are different kind of surveys being conducted at educational institutions which mainly fall in the following categories.

Case Study Survey – Case Study surveys are conducted among a group of students without considering them to represent for the whole of students either inside the institution or in other colleges. This type of survey is often conducted to know how the larger group will respond for the same questions.

Sample Survey – These types of surveys are conducted among a group of students and the results obtained are projected as the opinion of the larger community. Only certain topics can be used for these types of surveys at schools and colleges.

Census Survey – In these types of surveys the questions are asked to every member of the community and the detailed analysis can be done with the whole data for reaching conclusions.

The method of collecting data from the students also vary according to the medium being used. At the time of conducting surveys it should be noted that all the questions are to be asked instead of asking selected questions to certain people. Surveys are conducted for the following reasons.

• Surveys are the quickest and Most efficient way of getting information from a group
• Surveys are suitable for getting idea about what the majority of people thinks about the topic
• Surveys help to get statistical information with respect to a community or group of students
• Surveys help to obtain information which are not available through other methods

The following are the Advantages and Disadvantages of surveys

Advantages

• The number of people who can give their opinion can be very high
• The cost of conducting survey is less
• Students can respond to questions at their convenient time
• Surveys can give written proof of facts
• The results of surveys can be represented in tables and graphs for easy assessment

Disadvantages

• Some surveys gets fewer response due to the nature of the topic being surveyed
• How the students respond to questions can not be clearly understood through Yes/No answers
• The result of the survey is dependent on the set of students considered for collecting opinion
• The result of the survey may not represent the opinion of the whole college or school

There are different kinds of assessments used for the evaluations of the performance of students at schools and colleges. They are described below.

Through formative assessment method learning of students is monitored during the process of learning through feedback. This feedback is used to identify the areas where students are weak and giving extra care in teaching those students.

Informal Assessment Methods

Reflections
These are a popular form of assessment method in which the students reflect after attending a course.

Polls and Surveys
These are basically data on the opinion by students and their behaviors which is assessed inside or outside classrooms. These kind of assessment is especially useful in the case of knowing about misconceptions and prior knowledge related to the subject.

Random Checks
These are techniques used in between a course in order to measure the level of understanding of subject. These kind of assessment also creates gap between the lecture which makes to start fresh to the next section of the topic.

Formal Assessment Methods

Class Activities
Certain instructors creates pair or group of students to work together to participate in learning process. During this the instructors can observe and help students in learning better by guiding through the learning process. The extend of participation is measured by the tutor during such events.

Quizzes
Quiz are conducted among students either to assess prior knowledge or in between the learning process. At times as part of games and review generation sessions assessments based on quiz are conducted.

Online Learning Modules
Online Canvas and Whiteboards help students to learn in between the lessons which can be monitored by the faculties remotely. These kind of learning management systems help in the assessment of the ability of students through interactivity.

Record keeping is an easy and efficient way for tracking the progress of students and providing the evidence as a support for the grading system. Having proper record management system in an organized way is essential for every school.  As part of record keeping teachers are required to organize the records related to the assignments of students in a proper way so that grading can be done based on that.

• Record keeping can be used for helping students set goals during education.
• The Record System can be used as an evidence about how much growth did the student attained during the curriculum.
• Record System shows at which subjects are a student weak at and this can be used for improving the learning ability
• Record System can be kept as a benchmark for knowing what all actions are taken about a product during various stages of education.
• Details about meeting done with parents and teachers can also be recorded for further reference.

Nowadays academic courses are not the only activity running in an organization. With the latest trends related to education educational institutions incorporate a lot of other activities. Along with studies students look for all other activities that can help them in future. Students want their knowledge updated in every field they come in contact with.

Social benefits of Extracurricular Programs
Extracurricular activities increases the chances of interacting with each other socially and helps in forming good relationship between students. Extracurricular activities in groups offer chances to know more about the cultural differences from which the students are coming from and interacting with students from various parts help in developing interpersonal skills.

Practical Benefits of Extracurricular Programs
Participating in extracurricular activities give students an opportunity to work together for achieving goals and thus increasing the factors concerning responsibility. Extra curricular activities also increases the confidence in students and helps in making learn that working united under different conditions needs effort.  It also helps students face the challenges faced during the job hunting process.

Educational Benefits of Extracurricular Programs
The current trend in jobs shows that companies prefer people who are all rounders.  Having talents in multiple activities tells the employer that the student is talented. It is also true that hiring agencies also prefer students with talents in extracurricular activities. Extracurricular activities also helps students in managing time which is an essential part of most jobs.